Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental categories for reasonable grounds?

The three fundamental categories for establishing reasonable grounds typically include personal observations, information received, and experience. These categories help law enforcement officers determine whether they have sufficient justification for their actions, such as making an arrest or conducting a search.

Personal observations refer to what an officer directly perceives through their senses in the course of their duties. This includes visual cues, sounds, and even smells that may indicate criminal activity or warrant further investigation.

Information received includes tips or reports from the public, informants, or other law enforcement agencies. This type of information can help officers build a comprehensive view of a situation or suspect.

Experience plays a critical role as well. Officers draw on their training and past encounters with similar situations to assess circumstances and develop reasonable grounds.

Emotional state, while relevant in understanding behavior or a situation's context, does not fall into the established categories for justifying reasonable grounds. It does not provide concrete evidence or observations that would meet the legal standards for police action. Hence, it is the statement that does not belong in the context of the fundamental categories for establishing reasonable grounds.